How to install ubuntu operating system in windows10 without using virtualbox or any other third party software.

Step1:

Open control panel and then click on Programs 

Step 2:

Click on Turn Windows Feature on or off and then select Windows subsystem for Linux

Step 3:

Click on start and then type Microsoft store in the search 

Step 4:

After that  Go to Microsoft store and type ubuntu (Use red color logo don't download blue color) and get downloaded file from it 

After installing ubuntu Type this command to know the version of ubuntu  

lsb_release -a

UNIX

 

Operating System:

Operating System is the system software that manages computer hardware, resources, and provides services for computer programs.

 How operating system works?

Operating system is loaded into memory when a computer is booted and remains active as long as machine is up. After any program has completed execution, the operating system cleans up the memory and registers and makes them available for the next program.

Examples of operating system:

Microsoft Windows, UNIX, Linux, MacOS, IBM AIX, Solaris etc

 UNIX:

UNIX is a portable, multitasking, multiuser, time sharing operating system.

Founder of UNIX

The UNIX was founded by Ken Thompson, Dennis Ritchie and Brain

kerninghan at AT & T Bell Labs research in 1969.

Founder of LINUX

Linus Benedict Torvalds in 1991.

 Difference between UNIX and LINUX (linux is a unix clone)

UNIX	LINUX
Originally the Bourne Shell. Now it's compatible with many others including BASH, Korn & C.	BASH (Bourne Again SHell) is the Linux default shell. It can support multiple command interpreters.
Developed by ken Thompson, Dennis	Developed by ken Thompson, Dennis
Unix is majorly used on workstations and servers.	It is used in several systems like desktop, smartphones, mainframes and servers.
It can be microkernel, monolithic, and hybrid.	It is monolithic.
Solaris, HP UNIX, Ubuntu, Fedora are some versions.	Solaris, HP UNIX are some versions. Ubuntu, Fedora are some versions.
The source is not accessible to the general public.	The source is accessible to the general public.

 

Need of UNIX:

Network capability:

With other OS, additional software must be purchased for networking but with UNIX, network capability is the part of the operating system. 

 History of UNIX

Ø 1960 Bell labs involved in the project with MIT, General Electric and Bell

    Laboratories to develop a time-sharing system called MULTICS

     (Multiplexed Operating and Computing System).

Ø 1969 Ken Thompson wrote the first version of the UNIX called UNICS

         (Uniplexed Information and Computing System)

Ø 1970 Finally UNICS became UNIX. 

Differences between UNIX and DOS

UNIX	DOS
UNIX can have GUI	DOS Can’t have GUI
UNIX is more secure	DOS is not more secure compared to UNIX
UNIX is multitasking	DOS is single tasking
UNIX are multiuser	DOS is single user
UNIX is case sensitive	DOS is not case sensitive
UNIX is used in servers	DOS is used in embedded systems

Differences between UNIX and Windows

UNIX	WINDOWS
UNIX has very high security system	Windows has low security system
The file system is arranged in hierarchical manner	The file system is arranged in parallel manner
UNIX is not a user friendly	Windows is a user friendly
Low Hardware cost	High Hardware cost
Customizable add features	Not customizable

Features of UNIX:

Ø  Multiuser support: UNIX allows multiple users to simultaneously access the same system and share resources.

Ø  Multitasking: UNIX is capable of running multiple processes at the same time.

Ø  Shell scripting: UNIX provides a powerful scripting language that allows users to automate tasks.

Ø  Security: UNIX has a robust security model that includes file permissions, user accounts, and network security features.

Ø  Portability: UNIX can run on a wide variety of hardware platforms, from small embedded systems to large mainframe computers.

Unix Architecture:

Basic block diagram of a UNIX system:

The Unix architecture has 4 layers. These layers are:

Layer – 1:

Hardware: The lowest layer of the Unix architecture is the hardware layer, which provides the physical components of the computer, such as the CPU, memory, and disk drives. The hardware layer communicates with the operating system through device drivers, which are software modules that provide a standard interface between the hardware and the operating system.

Layer – 2:

Kernel: This is the most powerful layer of the Unix architecture. The kernel is responsible for acting as an interface with the hardware for the effective utilization. The kernel handles the hardware effectively by using the device drivers. The kernel is also responsible for process management, file management, memory management, etc.

Layer-3:

Shell: The Shell is a collection of UNIX Commands. The Shell acts as an interface between the user and the kernel. The shell is the utility that processes your requests. When you type in a command at your terminal, the shell interprets the command and calls the program that you want. Types of shells are:

Ø  Bourne shell (sh)

Ø  Korn Shell (ksh)

Ø  Bourne Again shell (bash)

Ø  POSIX shell (sh)

Ø  C Shell

Bourne Shell: Bourne shell is known as the first shell to be introduced, it is represented by “sh”. This shell got popular because of its quite compact nature. It was made the default shell for the SOLARIS operating system and was used as a Solaris administration script. It has very high-speed operations. Bourne’s shell was not able to handle logical and arithmetic operations.

Ø  Path Name: /bin/sh or /sbin/sh

Ø  Prompt for the root user: #

Ø  Prompt for the non-root user: $

Korn Shell: This shell was developed by David Korn in AT & T bells lab, this was introduced as an improved version or superset of the Bourne shell. It is represented by “ksh”. It has all the features and functionalities of Bourne Shell and also provides some new functionalities to the users. Korn shell has in-built support for arithmetic operations. 

Ø  Path Name: /bin/ksh

Ø  Prompt for the root user: #

Ø  Prompt for the non-root user: $

Bourne Again Shell: It is also known as Bash Shell, this shell combines features of the Korn shell and C shell. This shell was designed as an extended version of the Bourne shell. Bourne Again Shell can automatically load previously used commands and can be edited with the help of the arrow keys of the keyboard.

Ø  Path Name: /bin/bash

Ø  Prompt for the root user: bash-VersionNumber#

Ø  Prompt for the non-root user: bash-VersionNumber$

C Shell: The C shell was designed by Bill Joy at the University of California. It is represented using “csh”. The C shell was designed with the purpose of supporting programming languages. It was specifically designed to support in-built features like solving arithmetic operations and syntax of programming languages like C. Unlike Bourne and other Linux shells, the C shell can maintain and history of previously used commands, and those commands can be used whenever required.

Ø  Path Name: /bin/csh

Ø  Prompt for the root user: hostname#

Ø  Prompt for the non-root user: hostname%

Layer-4:

Application Layer: The last layer of the Unix architecture is the Application Program layer. This outermost layer of Unix Architecture is responsible for executing the application programs.